Introduction to Communication and Networks

In this topic we shall discuss best concept of “Introduction to communication and Network”. It is very important for Computer Science students 12th 11th BCA and others.

Communication

Communication is a way of exchanging views with people which may include text, pictures, sounds and every type of relevant data.Communication is main requirement of humans like basic needs. we can share our views using face to face, on the telephone,on the computer, on the other communication devices.

Network

A network is a group of inter-connected computers that allows us to share the information and equipment in easy and rapid ways.

Need of Networking

• To share Data files on computers

Networking helps for sharing the data files on the computers with different users. For example a file created once on a computer no need to type again because it may be shared with network facilities.

• To transfer Data files on computers
• To Share Computer Equipment

Networking allows to share hardware equipment like printer, modem, etc..

• To Electronic mails

E-Mail message can be sent and received without consuming time over the world through networking.

• To video conferencing

It allows us to have face to face conversation with other people on a network from different locations.

Note ;-

Node

A Node is a computer that is attached to the network and used to share the resources of the network.

• It is also known as workstation.

Server

A server is a special computer that accepts requests from client / Node and provides resources.

• It provides resources such as modem, Printer, Disk Drives etc.

ARPANET

• It stands for Advance Research Project Agency Network.
• It was created by US Department of Defense in 1969 .
• It is the origin of Internet.
• It a large wide are Network that is based on a packet switching network.

Internet

Internet is a network of networks that uses certain common protocols (TCP / IP) to communicate between network and devices and provides certain services.

• It is a world wide used vast collection of different networks.
• It stands for International Network.
• The origin of internet is ARPANET created by U.S. Department of defense in 1969 to facilitate communications in the even of nuclear attack.
• The main use of internet is to share information and provides various different services.

Services Available on Internet

• E-Mail (Electronic Mail) :- It is the electronic message that transfers from one computer to another through internet. The message can be in the form of Text, image, Audio, video etc.
  • Advantages of E-mail
    • It is the cheapest and fastest mail services.
    • Data can be sent in text, image, audio, video etc.
    • Same E-mail can be sent multiple persons.
    • Physical presence of recipient is not necessary.
    • It can be read from any where in the world.

• File Transfer :- Internet provides the facility of downloading and uploading large volume of files. File may be in the form of text, image audio, video etc.
• Video Conferencing :- It is the service of internet by which people at different locations communicate by watching each other. example Zoom app, Google meet, Webex etc..
• E-Commerce :- It is the important service of internet through which we can sell or buy goods. we use some special website for buying and selling goods known as E-Commerce website. like Flipkart, snapdeal, Myntra, OLX etc.

• World Wide Web (WWW) :- It is a set of protocols that allows to access any document on the NET through URL . It provides the millions of information on various topics. The document can be in the form of text, image, audio, video etc. It is also known as web.There are millions of website that provides information. Each website is identified by unique address(URL) on web. There are some websites that search information on web.such website known as search engine. example Google.com, altavista.com etc.

• Telnet :- It is the facility on the internet through which a computer at far distance can be used from another locations. like anydesk etc.
• Social Networking :- we can use facebook, whatsup, instagram etc. through internet.

Channel

It means a communication path between computers or devices. A communication channel can carry data in either analog form or digital form. A communication channel can be a physical link such as cable or wireless medium such as infrared, blue tooth, wi-fi etc

Baud

It refers to the data transmission speed of a modem.

Bandwidth

The range of transmission frequencies that can be carried on a communication line is known as Bandwidth of the line. For digital devices , the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second(bps) or Byte per second while in analog device, expressed in Hertz(Hz).

Networking and Internetworking Devices

A networking is the connectivity of a number of computers that used to communicate with one another and share the information and other connected resources.

• While internetworking is the connectivity of two or more LANs or WANs. Both networking and internetworking requires various devices necessary in their connectivities . The main networking and internetworking devices are

Modem

A Modem is a communication device that is used to communicate through telephone lines. It converts digital form of data into analog form and vice versa.

A modem can be set inside or outside the computer. The modem set inside , is called internal modem and the modem set outside , is called and external modem.

RJ-45

The RJ-45 connector acronym for Registered Jack -45. It is an eight wire connector that is used to attach devices to the cables in a network. The eight wires are incased in plastic sheath and color coded to match corresponding slots in jacks. The RJ-45 connectors connect computers to Local Area Networks.

To be continued… Please check daily for more updates..