There are various string handling functions in C++ Language which provides facility to handle string or string manipulation in different ways.
All functions of String handling in C++ have defined in header file #include<string.h>
example
strlen(), strcat(), strcpy(), strlwr(), strupr(), etc..
characters Represented in double quote or inverted comma known as string.
Example
“Ram” “225” “A” “5” etc..
String Functions
- strlen():- It is used to find length of the string.
- syntax strlen(Str);
- strcat():- This function is used for concatenating two strings.
- syntax strcat(Str1, Str2);
- strcpy():- This function is used for copying of one string to another string.
- syntax strcpy(Str1,Str2);
- strupr():- This function converts into uppercase.
- syntax strupr(Str);
- strlwr():- This functions converts into lowercase.
- syntax strlwr(Str);
- strrev():- This function is used to reverse of the string.
- syntax strrev(Str);
- strcmp():- This function is used for comparison of two strings.It is case sensitive.
- syntax strcmp(Str1,Str2);
- stricmp():- This compares two strings by ignoring cases. According to this method “RAM” and “Ram” are same.
- syntax stricmp(Str1,Str2);
Note:
During process of comparison following cases may occur.
case 1: if str1 and str2 are same then output becomes zero.
case 2:- if str1 is greater then output is greater than zero (positive value).
case 3:- if str2 is greater then output is less than zero(Negative value)
Q. Write a program to enter String (name) and print them.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string=”;
cin>>str;
cout<<”String =”<<str;
getch();
}Output
Enter any string=Ram kumar
String =Ram
Note :- cin>> does not allow to enter full string (more than one word)
Note :- we use gets () function of #include for full string(more than word)
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string=”;
gets(str);
cout<<”String =”<<str;
getch();
}Output
Enter any string= Ram kumar
String = Ram kumar
Q.Write a program to find length of the string . or Write a program to represent strlen( ) function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string=”;
gets(str);
cout<<”length of string =”<<strlen(str);
getch();
}OR
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
int l;
cout<<”Enter any string=”;
gets(str);
l=strlen(str);
cout<<”length of string =”<<l;
getch();
}Output
Enter any String= Ram kumar
length of string =9
Note: Ram (3 letter) Kumar(5 letter) and between space 1 letter
Q.Write a program to convert lowercase string into uppercase string.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string in lowercase=”;
gets(str);
cout<<”Uppercase string =”<<strupr(str);
getch();
}Output
Enter any string in lowercase= aips
Uppercase string =AIPS
Q.Write a program to convert uppercase string into lowercase string.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string in uppercase=”;
gets(str);
cout<<”lowercase string =”<<strlwr(str);
getch();
}Output
Enter any string in uppercase=AIPS
lowercase string=aips
Q.Write a program to Reverse of input string.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str[20];
cout<<”Enter any string =”;
gets(str);
cout<<”reverse string =”<<strrev(str);
getch();
}Output
Enter any string=AIPS
reverse=SPIA
Q.Write a program represent strcat() function
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
cout<<strcat(str1,str2);
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=ram
Enter second string=sita
ramsita
Note:- After concatenation (adding) stores in str1.
OR
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
strcat(str1,str2);
cout<<str1;
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=ram
Enter second string=sita
ramsita
Q.Write a program to represent strcmp( ) function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
cout<<strcmp(str1,str2);
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=ram
Enter second string=ram
0
Note:- Returns zero(0) if both the strings are same.
OR
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
cout<<strcmp(str1,str2);
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=ram
Enter second string=Ram
32
Note:- Returns positive value if str1 is greater. (ASCII r- ASCII R)
OR
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
cout<<strcmp(str1,str2);
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=Ram
Enter second string=ram
-32
Note:- Returns Negative value if str2 is greater. (ASCII R- ASCII r)
Q.Write a program to represent stricmp( ) function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
cout<<”Enter second string =”;
gets(str2);
cout<<stricmp(str1,str2);
getch();
}Output
Enter first string=ram
Enter second string=Ram
0
Note:- compares after ignoring case. according to this function r=R
Q.Write a program to represent strcpy( ) function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char str1[20], str2[20];
cout<<”Enter first string =”;
gets(str1);
strcpy(str2,str1);
cout<<str2;
getch();
}output
Enter first string=ram
ram
Note:- copies Right value to left.
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