#include<iostream.h>\n#include<conio.h>\nvoid main()\n{\nclrscr( );\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\ngetch( );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
 C++ program format using class <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include<iostream.h>\n#include<conio.h>\nclass nips\n{\npublic:\nint a,b,c;\nvoid show( )\n{\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\n}\n};\nvoid main()\n{\nclrscr( );\nnips obj;\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\ngetch( );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Note:-  After writing program we need Compile and Run.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Compile   Alt+ F9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Run  Ctrl +F9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Error \/ Bug in Programming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Any mistake done by programmer in a program is known as Error.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are three types of Error<\/em>s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Syntax Error: – Any mistake in Respect of programming Rules is known as syntax Error.Syntax error is detected by the computer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Semicolon missing (;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Curly bracket not balanced etc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Logical Error: – Any mistake done by programmer in program\u2019s logic is known as logical error. Logical error is not detected by computer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* Symbol used instead of +<\/strong>   etc…<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note: – compilation Error (syntax and Logical)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Run Time Error: – Error which arises after error free compilation is known as Run time error.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Divide by zero<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Infinite loop<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Incorrect file name etc..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Comments :- <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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comments are non executable statements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
comments are always neglected by compiler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
comments are replaced by white space during the Pre -processor phase.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
comments can be used for documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
comments can be single or multiple line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
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single line comment: – we  use \/\/ symbol and after double slash symbol written contents are ignored. End of line considered as end of comment<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Multiple line comment:- we use \/* ………………………….*\/  symbol for multiple line comments.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\/*  Q. write a program to print your Name.\n      and Address.  *\/\n#include<iostream.h>\n#include<conio.h>\nvoid main()  \/\/ indicates Starting of program\n{\nclrscr();\t\t\/\/to clear the screen\ncout<<\u201dNIPS ACADEMY\u201d;\ncout<<\u201d\\n Abadganj\u201d;\ngetch();\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
output<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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NIPS ACADEMY<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Abadganj<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Algorithm :- <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Steps to solve a problem written in simple English language, is known as Algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rules for writing Algorithm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are following rules for writing an algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
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Algorithm must begin with “START” or “BEGIN” and ends with “STOP” or “\u00cbND”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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Each step has a step Number.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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“ACCEPT” or “INPUT” is used take entry from the user.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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“PRINT” or “DISPLAY” is used for displaying output.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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Variable names are generally written in upper case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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:= is used to assign value to a variable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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we use  “IF” to check condition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
IF<condition>  then<\/p>\n\n\n\n
…………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n
……………………………..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
END IF<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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“While” is used for repeating steps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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while<condition>  then<\/p>\n\n\n\n
………………………………..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
…………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n
END WHILE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note:- No Need to follow Grammatical Rules, it is never wrong but should be understandable and written in copy before writing in computer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q. Write an Algorithm to Post a letter<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 1:- START<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 2:- Write a Letter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 3:- put the letter in an Envelope<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 4:- write address on Envelope<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 5:- post the letter into letterbox<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 6:- STOP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q. write an Algorithm to find sum of two numbers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 1:- START<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 2:- INPUT A,B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 3:- C=A+B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 4:- PRINT C<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 5:- STOP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flowchart: –<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Symbolic or Graphical representation of a program , is known as Flowchart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symbolic representation of Input, Output and Process is called Flowchart.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
There are following symbols that are used in flowchart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symbol………………………….                                                                 Purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oval \/ Terminal box ……………                                        START or STOP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parallelogram…………………                                                  INPUT or OUTPUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rectangle…………………………                                                           Process<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rhombus \/ Diamond …………………….                                       Decision<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arrow …………………………..                                                              Flow line<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Data Type in C++<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Data type shows about the nature of variable. i.e type to be stored,range, required memory,etc..<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Data type is a type of data through which data are recognized and categorized.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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primary Data types\/Basic\/Built in \/Primitive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    These data types are at the lowest level that represent actual data in computer’s Memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
char ,int ,float, long ,double, void …<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
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Derived data types<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
These data types are inherited from primary data type. i.e we have to take help of primary data type when we use derived data type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Array, pointer, Function etc.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
User defined Data types<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
The data type defined by the user with the help of primary data type is called user defined data types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
structure , union , class , enumeration, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Primary Data types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Data types………………………….Size(Byte)……………………..Range<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
signed char OR char …………………………1 ……………………………….-128 to 127<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unsigned char ………………………………….1 ……………………………….0 to 255<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
signed int OR int ……………………………..2…………………………………-32768 to 32767<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unsigned int …………………………………….2……………………………….0 to 65535<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
signed long OR long ………………….4…………………-2147483648 to 2147483647<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unsigned long……………………………….4…………………0 to 4294967295<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
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float …………………………..4…………………….-3.4 *10^38 to 3.4 to 10^ 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n
double ……………………8…………………. -1.7*10^308 to 1.7*10^308<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
long double ……………..10 ……….. …-1.7*10^4932 to 1.7*10^4932<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C++ is an object oriented, High level , Case sensitive, Platform independent, 3rd Generation’s programming language through which we can communicate with the computer system. Object oriented means program is divided into classes and objects. It was developed by B Jarne stroustrup at AT & T Bell Laboratory in USA in 1980. AT & T […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5,3,9,7,8,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11th-computer-science","category-12th-computer-science","category-bca","category-cbse-12th-computer-science","category-cbse","category-jac-12th-computer-science","category-jac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":603,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions\/603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipsacademy.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}